فصلنامه پژوهش های حسابداری مالی
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 38، زمستان 1397)

Over the past decades, significant reforms have been made in the field of new public management (NPM), especially in the area of implementation of accounting standards in the public sector in many countries. Along with these developments, implementation of public sector accounting standards in Iran started in 2015. The aim of this study is to provide a model consistent with the environmental conditions and characteristics of the public sector institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, factors of effect on implementation of public sector accounting standards were determined and addressed through a questionnaire given to experts working in public sector institutions. Completed questioners were analyzed using Fuzzy Delphi research method and appropriate statistical tests. Research findings indicate that affecting factors can be categorized into six dimensions including consistency of financial and computational rules and regulations, consistency of operational and administrative processes, organizational factors, expert human resources, training, and stabilization approach. These findings also indicate that experts agree on the suggested factors for design and explanation of the implementation model of accounting standards adopted by the audit organization in the public sector entities in Iran.

Financial reporting is not just a final product, but a proces that consists of several components that can affect by many factors and it also can have effects on a variety of factors. Given that financial reporting quality has an important impact on capital markets and influences how users decide on financial reports, then the correct identification of factors affecting the quality of financial reporting from the viewpoint of different groups can make financial reports an important source of reliable information for users. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model of the factors affecting the quality of financial reporting using the Grounded Theory. In the present study, which uses qualitative research methodology based on a Grounded Theory approach, the community of experts in the field of financial reporting quality is one of the four main groups of accounting information providers, accounting information users, auditors and researchers who according to the research objective a chained sampling method was chosen for the interview. Following the opinion of the experts through the interview, the conceptual model of factors affecting the quality of financial reporting included the causal conditions, ground conditions and intervener, as well as strategies for improving the financial reporting quality and their consequences. Research results have shown that political costs, capital market pressure, tax evasion, related party transactions, information asymmetry, loan loss provisions, managerial compensation incentives and market competition are effective on financial reporting quality.

Increased accounting fraud has rendered large companies bankrupt and raised concerns over the quality of financial statements. Therefore, investors, regulators, directors and accountants have always devoted particular attention to the detection of the potential frauds in financial statement. The literature is inclined to believe that firms with less readable financial statements are more likely to engage in fraudulent behaviors. In line with this argument, therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the impact of financial statement readability on the likelihood of corporate accounting fraud. To this end, Fog index and Flesch index were employed to measure the readability of financial statements, and the Audit Standard No. 240 was also used to identify the potential fraudulent misstatement in financial statements. The research hypothesis was designed based on a sample of 115 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of 2013-2017, and then tested using the logistic multivariate regression model. The findings reveal that financial reporting readability mitigates the likelihood of accounting fraud. Also, the result of sensitivity test indicates that using an alternative proxy to measure financial reporting readability incurs no significant effect on the main results of the study, thereby confirming the robustness of the findings.

In this study we tried to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility, risk and corporate governance on cash holdings. The indirect effect of corporate social responsibility on cash holdings through mediation variables such as risk (systematic and non-systematic) and corporate governance (institutional shareholders, major shareholders and board independence) were also measured. In order to test the hypotheses, we used the structural equation modeling (path analysis) for panel data. Then, according to the obtained coefficients, the mediation roles and theire effect were investigat by the Sobel test. Using 597 firm-year observation of Tehran Stock Exchange companies over the period 1389-1395, we establish that systematic risk, institutional shareholder and board independence have a significant effect on cash holdings. Also, we found that corporate social responsibility does not have a significant direct effect on cash holdings, but the indirect effect of corporate social responsibility on cash holdings through systematic risk is significant.

According to the modern accounting literature, innovation is a key component of corporate performance. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of positive factors (growth) and negativite (challenges) of innovation on financial and economic performance of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. The statistical sample consists of 120 active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 1396-1386. In this research, structural equations (PLS) and SPSS have been used to test the hypotheses. The dependent variable of this study is financial performance as well as economic performance. The independent variable of this research is innovation. Also, the role of mediator of innovation challenges in the relationship between innovation and financial and economic performance of the company is examined. The results of the research show that there is a direct effect between innovation structures and financial and economic performance. Also, innovation challenges as a mediating variable posit indirect effects on financial and economic performance, which makes it important to examine the innovation challenges associated with financial and economic performance of the company. The findings suggest that in order to achieve optimal performance, the company must reduce the challenges of innovation, especially the challenges of knowledge and the market.

Information flow is a key parameter in an economic activity and acts as a key factor in the emergence, stability and efficiency of capital markets. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of disclosure quality on the pricing of information and changes in the quality of accounting information. For this purpose, the data of the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1383 to 1395 were extracted and the combined data regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research show that information quality pricing is a function of disclosure quality criteria and the cost of capital arising from information quality fluctuates and changes in different levels of disclosure. Also, the quality of information environment has a significant effect on the expected returns of investors, but when the level of disclosure quality changes, information quality also changes and affects the cost of capital so that by changing the interactive level of disclosure quality and the quality of the information environment, by changing the level of the interactive effect of the disclosure quality and the information environment, the cost of capital imposed on the company also fluctuates and changes.